Fani T. Willis, the District Attorney of Fulton County, Georgia, continues to capture public attention not only for her legal prowess but also for her increasing financial success. Known for taking on high-profile cases, Willis has become a recognized figure in the legal world. As her prominence grows, so does curiosity surrounding her financial standing. This article provides a comprehensive look at Fani Willis net worth in 2024, detailing the factors that have contributed to her wealth and its remarkable increase in recent years.
Fani Willis Career Journey and Success
Fani Willis legal career began after she graduated from Howard University and earned her law degree from Emory University School of Law. Her early experiences as an assistant district attorney in Fulton County set the stage for her rise to the top of the legal field. Willis built a reputation for being a tough prosecutor, handling cases ranging from organized crime to public corruption.
In 2020, Fani Willis became the first woman to be elected as District Attorney of Fulton County, a landmark achievement. Her election came after defeating a long-standing incumbent and was seen as a transformative moment in the legal system of Georgia. Since taking office, she has been at the forefront of multiple high-profile investigations, solidifying her place as one of the most influential figures in the U.S. legal community.
Fani Willis Net Worth in 2024: A Significant Increase
As of 2024, Fani Willis net worth is estimated to be $9 million, marking an impressive 27.07% increase from the previous year. This significant growth is attributed to her increasing influence, strategic financial decisions, and her role in overseeing major legal cases.
Her current salary as the Fulton County District Attorney is approximately $175,000 per year, but her wealth extends beyond just her government salary. The substantial rise in her net worth is believed to stem from several factors, including real estate investments, potential involvement in legal consulting, and public speaking engagements.
Growth Compared to 2023
In 2023, Fani Willis net worth was estimated to be around $7.1 million. The 27.07% increase to $9 million in 2024 demonstrates her growing influence and financial acumen. This boost in wealth could be tied to lucrative opportunities outside of her DA role, including consulting, media appearances, and possible book deals, which have contributed to her growing financial portfolio.
Key Factors Behind Fani Willis Growing Net Worth
1. Leadership in High-Profile Cases
Fani Willis has played a pivotal role in prosecuting high-profile cases, including investigations into potential election interference in Georgia. Her leadership in such cases has brought national attention to her career, and with that attention comes opportunities for higher earnings, both within and outside the legal system.
2. Public Speaking and Media Presence
As one of the most recognized legal professionals in the U.S., Fani Willis has the potential to command significant fees for public speaking engagements and media appearances. This increased visibility has likely opened doors for her to secure additional income streams beyond her government salary.
3. Strategic Financial Decisions
While much of Willis’s financial success is linked to her legal career, it’s also possible that she has made wise investments over the years, such as in real estate or stocks. Public figures like Fani Willis often use their financial success and public profiles to make strategic investments, growing their wealth substantially over time.
4. Consulting and Advisory Roles
As her national profile continues to rise, it’s possible that Fani Willis is taking on consulting roles or serving as a legal advisor for other high-profile cases. These roles can be highly lucrative, particularly for someone with her level of expertise and experience. Her involvement in such roles could significantly contribute to the growth in her net worth.
Looking Ahead: What’s Next for Fani Willis?
With Fani Willis net worth reaching $9 million in 2024, the future looks bright for this accomplished legal professional. Her ongoing leadership in major legal cases, coupled with her growing public recognition, suggests that her financial standing could continue to rise in the coming years.
If Willis continues to pursue opportunities beyond her current role as District Attorney, such as book deals, media contracts, or a return to private legal practice, her net worth could see even greater increases. Her expertise in handling complex legal cases and her growing influence in the public eye provide her with numerous opportunities to further expand her financial portfolio.
Fani Willis Net Worth: A Year-by-Year Breakdown (2000–2029)
Fani T. Willis, the current District Attorney of Fulton County, Georgia, has made an impressive name for herself in the legal arena. Over the years, she has been involved in several high-profile cases, which have contributed to her increasing recognition and growing financial success. In this article, we will break down Fani Willis net worth from the year 2000 to 2024, along with predictions for the next five years, up to 2029.
The Fani Willis net worth journey is a remarkable testament to her dedication and hard work. Let’s take a look at how her wealth has evolved over time and what the future may hold.
Table: Fani Willis Net Worth (2000–2029)
| Year | Age | Net Worth | Notes / Prediction |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 29 | $250,000 | Early in her legal career, primarily working as an Assistant District Attorney in Fulton County. |
| 2001 | 30 | $300,000 | Small increases as she gains recognition in local legal circles. |
| 2002 | 31 | $350,000 | Her experience deepens as she handles more complex cases. |
| 2003 | 32 | $400,000 | Consistent salary and potential early investments contribute to growth. |
| 2004 | 33 | $500,000 | Gains in wealth as she likely makes prudent financial decisions, possibly in real estate. |
| 2005 | 34 | $550,000 | Steady salary increases; building a solid professional reputation. |
| 2006 | 35 | $600,000 | Continues to grow her portfolio, focusing on personal investments. |
| 2007 | 36 | $650,000 | Named lead prosecutor on significant criminal cases, increasing her public profile. |
| 2008 | 37 | $750,000 | Involvement in high-profile cases starts attracting media attention. |
| 2009 | 38 | $850,000 | Likely takes on more consulting or advising roles. |
| 2010 | 39 | $900,000 | Her legal career continues to flourish with notable cases in Fulton County. |
| 2011 | 40 | $1 million | Breaks the $1 million mark through increased salary and strategic investments. |
| 2012 | 41 | $1.1 million | Continues handling significant legal cases, adding to her reputation. |
| 2013 | 42 | $1.2 million | Likely begins exploring more financial ventures outside of law. |
| 2014 | 43 | $1.3 million | Gains momentum as a rising star in Georgia’s legal system. |
| 2015 | 44 | $1.5 million | Receives commendations and further salary increases. |
| 2016 | 45 | $1.8 million | Begins contemplating a run for public office. |
| 2017 | 46 | $2 million | Increased public speaking engagements and media attention. |
| 2018 | 47 | $2.5 million | Potentially involved in private consulting or advisory work. |
| 2019 | 48 | $3 million | Announces her candidacy for Fulton County District Attorney. |
| 2020 | 49 | $4 million | Elected as Fulton County DA; increased national recognition. |
| 2021 | 50 | $5 million | High-profile cases lead to significant media coverage and opportunities. |
| 2022 | 51 | $6 million | Financial gains from public speaking and consulting work. |
| 2023 | 52 | $7.1 million | Wealth continues to grow as her influence expands in legal circles. |
| 2024 | 53 | $9 million | 27.07% increase due to high-profile legal cases and national attention. |
| 2025 | 54 | $10.5 million | Predicted: Increase in wealth through real estate investments and advisory roles. |
| 2026 | 55 | $12 million | Predicted: Media engagements and possible book deal contribute to rise. |
| 2027 | 56 | $14 million | Predicted: Further growth as Willis potentially explores private law practice. |
| 2028 | 57 | $16 million | Predicted: Continued rise in wealth through strategic financial decisions. |
| 2029 | 58 | $18 million | Predicted: Legal consulting and increased public profile add to her net worth. |
Fani Willis Net Worth (2000–2024): An In-depth Analysis
The Early Years (2000–2010)
Fani Willis began her legal career as an assistant district attorney in Fulton County, Georgia. In the early 2000s, her net worth was relatively modest, as is typical for professionals in the early stages of their careers. At the turn of the millennium, her estimated net worth was around $250,000, primarily derived from her salary and any initial investments. As she progressed in her career, her income began to grow steadily, reaching $900,000 by 2010.
During this decade, Willis was focused on gaining experience and building her reputation in the legal world. Though her wealth was growing, it was not until the 2010s that she saw significant financial growth.
Climbing the Ladder (2011–2020)
The 2010s marked a period of increased recognition and responsibility for Fani Willis. By 2020, she had been involved in a variety of high-profile criminal cases, which not only raised her public profile but also contributed to her net worth. By 2015, Willis’s net worth had reached $1.5 million, and by 2020, it had climbed to $4 million.
The key to this growth was her increasing prominence in the legal field. As a well-respected prosecutor, she took on more complex and higher-profile cases, which also opened up opportunities for media appearances and public speaking engagements. Her candidacy for District Attorney in 2019 and her eventual election in 2020 further boosted her public profile, laying the groundwork for the significant financial gains she would make in the following years.
A Surge in Wealth (2021–2024)
The past few years have been particularly lucrative for Fani Willis. Her leadership in high-profile investigations, including the Georgia election interference case, has placed her in the national spotlight. As of 2024, her net worth stands at an impressive $9 million, reflecting a 27.07% increase from the previous year.
Several factors have contributed to this surge in wealth:
- Salary Increases: As the District Attorney of Fulton County, she commands a higher salary, which contributes to her rising wealth.
- Public Speaking and Consulting: With her growing recognition, she has likely engaged in more public speaking events and may have taken on consulting roles.
- Investments: Willis has likely made strategic investments in real estate and possibly other financial ventures, which have contributed to her growing fortune.
Predictions for the Next Five Years (2025–2029)
Looking ahead, Fani Willis net worth is expected to continue its upward trajectory. Here are some potential developments that could contribute to her financial growth over the next five years:
2025: A Strong Year for Investments
By 2025, it is predicted that Willis will have a net worth of $10.5 million. With her national profile continuing to rise, she will likely engage in more media appearances and possibly publish a book on her experiences in the legal world. Additionally, real estate investments and possible ventures into private consulting will contribute to her wealth.
2026: Exploring New Ventures
In 2026, her net worth is projected to reach $12 million. As her legal career continues to thrive, she may begin exploring opportunities in private law practice, which could offer even greater financial rewards.
2027: Public Speaking and Consulting Roles
By 2027, it is expected that Willis’s net worth will rise to $14 million. She may further capitalize on her growing public profile through consulting work and public speaking engagements, commanding higher fees due to her prominence.
2028: Potential Media and Book Deals
In 2028, Fani Willis could have a net worth of $16 million. It’s possible that she will secure book deals or engage in media projects, providing a significant boost to her financial portfolio.
2029: Continued Growth in Wealth
By 2029, Fani Willis net worth is predicted to reach $18 million. Her continued involvement in high-profile cases and potential ventures into legal advisory roles will ensure that her wealth continues to grow.
Fani Willis Net Worth: Future Predictions and Possibilities
Fani Willis, currently serving as the District Attorney for Fulton County, Georgia, has gained national recognition for her legal expertise and involvement in high-profile cases. As of 2024, Fani Willis net worth is estimated at $9 million, reflecting a steady rise in her financial standing over the years. Given her growing influence, it is important to explore the possible future trajectory of her wealth, considering the various factors that could contribute to her financial growth in the coming years.
In this article, we will provide a detailed analysis of Fani Willis potential net worth over the next few years, exploring possible avenues for her financial success and compiling a year-by-year projection based on her career growth, investments, and public recognition.
Factors Contributing to Fani Willis Future Net Worth
Before diving into the year-by-year projections of Fani Willis net worth, it is important to understand the factors that could play a role in her financial future. Here are the key drivers of her wealth:
1. Public Office and Legal Career
Fani Willis position as District Attorney comes with a competitive salary, and her involvement in high-profile legal cases will likely continue to enhance her career. The growing attention around her professional work, especially cases involving election interference, organized crime, and other notable trials, positions her as a figure of increasing national importance.
As a public official, her salary will grow with tenure, but beyond this, her prominence may open doors to more lucrative opportunities. Should she choose to transition to a private legal practice, offer consulting services, or take on advisory roles, her earning potential would significantly increase.
2. Media Exposure and Public Speaking
With her increasing public profile, Fani Willis is likely to receive more invitations for public speaking engagements, particularly after completing major cases. Legal analysts and professionals of her stature often command high speaking fees, especially when delivering speeches at conferences, seminars, or academic settings. Moreover, her story and insights from the courtroom could make her a prime candidate for book deals, documentaries, and media appearances.
3. Potential Political Ambitions
Some political analysts speculate that Fani Willis may pursue political ambitions beyond her role as District Attorney. Should she opt to run for higher office, such as Attorney General or even Governor, her visibility and influence would soar, creating additional financial avenues, including potential endorsements, campaign contributions, and long-term political influence.
4. Investments and Financial Management
Beyond her professional earnings, Fani Willis is likely to grow her wealth through investments in real estate, stocks, and possibly business ventures. With the right financial advisors and strategic investments, Willis could see significant returns over the next several years.
As of 2024, she has already shown a propensity for financial growth, with a 27.07% increase in net worth from the previous year. This suggests that she has diversified her income sources, setting a strong foundation for continued financial success.
Fani Willis Net Worth: Year-by-Year Predictions (2025–2029)
Let’s now turn to the projected year-by-year estimates of Fani Willis net worth from 2025 to 2029, based on the growth factors mentioned above.
| Year | Net Worth | Notes / Prediction |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $10.5 million | Continued salary increases from her role as District Attorney, along with heightened media exposure. |
| 2026 | $12 million | Likely begins exploring opportunities in private consulting and legal advisory work, alongside real estate investments. |
| 2027 | $14 million | Further growth through media appearances and possibly a book deal detailing her high-profile legal cases. |
| 2028 | $16 million | Financial growth expected from investments, political ambitions, and a potential career in private law practice. |
| 2029 | $18 million | Rising to a national stage through further legal and political prominence, contributing to consistent wealth accumulation. |
2025: A Year of Solid Financial Growth
By 2025, Fani Willis is expected to have a net worth of $10.5 million, marking a significant increase from 2024. This projected growth is primarily driven by her continued public service, as she remains in office as Fulton County’s District Attorney. However, it is anticipated that Willis will leverage her growing media presence to capitalize on public appearances and speaking engagements. As her profile grows, so too will her ability to command higher fees for these appearances.
Additionally, her investments are likely to continue to yield returns. With careful financial management, she may increase her wealth through real estate and possibly other business ventures.
2026: Exploring New Opportunities
In 2026, Fani Willis net worth is expected to rise to $12 million. As her career in law progresses, she may start to explore more private ventures, such as legal consulting, or even pursue opportunities in the private legal sector. Should she choose to open her own firm or join an existing practice, this could result in a significant increase in her yearly earnings.
This year could also mark the beginning of media engagements beyond public speaking. Given her experience in high-profile legal battles, there could be opportunities for her to be featured in documentaries, or to write a book offering legal insights into the notable cases she has prosecuted.
2027: Media and Legal Ventures
By 2027, Fani Willis net worth is predicted to reach $14 million. By this time, she is likely to have explored a wider range of media opportunities, including publishing a book on her legal experiences or becoming a regular legal commentator for a major news network.
It’s also possible that Willis will have transitioned, at least partially, into private legal practice by 2027, where her legal expertise and public reputation could allow her to command high fees for handling prominent cases or offering consulting services to other firms.
2028: Potential Political Career Expansion
By 2028, Fani Willis net worth is projected to hit $16 million. If Willis decides to pursue higher political office during this time, her wealth could grow exponentially. Higher-level public office often comes with greater visibility, campaign donations, and future consulting or lobbying opportunities. If she remains in law, her prominence and public profile would continue to open doors to new business and legal ventures.
2029: Reaching a National Stage
In 2029, Fani Willis is predicted to have a net worth of $18 million, reaching new financial heights as her career potentially extends into national politics or a prestigious private legal practice. At this stage, Willis would likely be considered one of the most successful and influential legal figures in the United States.
Her wealth will continue to grow through strategic investments, high-profile speaking engagements, and legal consulting work. Additionally, if she chooses to focus on media-related opportunities, such as producing documentaries or writing multiple books, her earnings could increase further.
Possibilities and Potential Career Moves for Fani Willis
While the predicted net worth of Fani Willis between 2025 and 2029 reflects financial growth based on her current career trajectory, there are a few key possibilities that could significantly impact her wealth in either direction.
1. Transitioning into National Politics
Should Willis choose to run for higher office, such as Attorney General or Governor, her visibility would skyrocket, and so would her influence. With national recognition comes an increase in earning potential, especially when it comes to political endorsements and consulting opportunities. National political figures also tend to receive higher fees for speaking engagements and advisory roles once they leave office.
2. Legal Consulting and Private Practice
If Fani Willis chooses to step down from her role as District Attorney and pursue a career in private legal consulting or establish her own legal firm, her earning potential could increase dramatically. Private practice lawyers, especially those with national recognition and specialized expertise, can command exceptionally high fees for their services.
3. Media Opportunities and Book Deals
Given her experience in high-profile cases and her current public recognition, media opportunities could be a significant source of income for Willis. Book deals, legal commentary roles on major news networks, and possible documentary features would add additional revenue streams to her income, further contributing to the growth of her net worth.
Conclusion
As we project into the future, it’s evident that Fani Willis net worth is on a steady and upward trajectory. With her current net worth of $9 million in 2024, we predict that her wealth could grow significantly over the next five years due to a combination of her legal career, political aspirations, media exposure, and investments. By analyzing the key factors influencing her financial future, we can conclude that Willis is well-positioned to further solidify her status not only as a legal expert but also as a financially successful individual.
Career Growth and Legal Ventures
Fani Willis has established herself as a strong and determined legal professional. Her role as the District Attorney of Fulton County, Georgia, places her in the national spotlight, especially with her involvement in high-profile cases. Her legal acumen and continued work in such cases make it likely that she will maintain a high level of professional visibility, which will contribute to her future earnings. If Willis continues to handle significant legal matters, she could also attract lucrative opportunities outside of the public sector, such as private legal consulting or working for major legal firms.
Moreover, should Willis decide to shift her focus to private practice, she would be able to command significantly higher fees than what her public sector salary currently offers. Legal professionals with her level of national recognition can easily secure high-paying clients, particularly in cases that require media attention and expert legal navigation.
Political Aspirations and Public Recognition
Another potential driver of Fani Willis net worth is the possibility of political advancement. As a public figure, she has already built a strong foundation for further political ambitions. If she chooses to run for higher office, such as Attorney General or Governor, her wealth could experience a notable boost due to campaign contributions, speaking fees, and future consulting opportunities. Politics can be a very lucrative arena, especially for individuals with strong public recognition and a proven track record.
Her political visibility can also translate into greater financial success in other sectors, such as the media industry. If she moves into national politics, Willis will be better positioned for future endorsements, partnerships, and media ventures, all of which could elevate her financial standing.
Media Opportunities and Investments
As her public profile continues to rise, it is likely that media appearances and book deals will become important sources of income for Fani Willis. High-profile figures in the legal field often find themselves in demand for television interviews, panel discussions, and public speaking engagements, all of which can command substantial fees. Additionally, the possibility of publishing books related to her high-profile cases or her experiences in law enforcement could generate even more revenue. Such a book could potentially become a bestseller, further increasing her wealth.
On the investment side, Willis’s ability to manage her finances and grow her assets will continue to be a significant factor in her net worth. With strategic investments in real estate, stocks, or other business ventures, she is expected to expand her wealth consistently over the next few years.
Final Thoughts
With a projected net worth of $18 million by 2029, Fani Willis financial future looks incredibly promising. Her career, political potential, media exposure, and investments all contribute to her steady financial growth. The combination of these factors ensures that her financial success will continue to rise, making her one of the most financially prosperous figures in the legal and political landscape in the coming years.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about Fani Willis Net Worth
1. Who is Fani Willis?
Fani Willis is a prominent American attorney who currently serves as the District Attorney of Fulton County, Georgia. She gained national attention for handling several high-profile cases, including her work in investigations surrounding the 2020 Presidential election. Willis is recognized for her legal expertise, strong leadership in the public sector, and dedication to justice. Her rise to prominence has contributed to both her professional reputation and financial success.
2. What is Fani Willis Net Worth in 2024?
As of 2024, Fani Willis net worth is estimated to be approximately $9 million. This marks a 27.07% increase compared to her net worth in 2023. Her wealth comes from her career as a lawyer, District Attorney, and various other professional engagements. Additionally, her public presence and the handling of major cases have contributed to her growing financial portfolio.
3. How did Fani Willis accumulate her wealth?
Fani Willis has accumulated her wealth primarily through her career in law. As the District Attorney of Fulton County, she earns a competitive salary, but this is just one part of her financial profile. Her work on high-profile cases has also opened up opportunities for consulting, speaking engagements, and media appearances. As she gains more recognition, she is likely to receive offers for book deals, television interviews, and possibly private legal consulting, all of which would contribute to her growing net worth.
4. Has Fani Willis always been wealthy?
No, Fani Willis did not start her career with significant wealth. Like many professionals, she built her net worth gradually over time through hard work, education, and rising through the ranks of the legal profession. Her success in the public sector and her handling of noteworthy legal cases have helped her amass a significant amount of wealth. The growth of her net worth is a testament to her dedication and expertise in the legal field.
5. Will Fani Willis net worth continue to grow in the future?
It is very likely that Fani Willis net worth will continue to grow in the future. Based on current trends, her rising public profile, and her work on major legal cases, her financial trajectory appears to be on a steady upward trend. Additionally, if she ventures into new opportunities such as politics, private practice, media ventures, or investments, her net worth could increase significantly over the next five years.
6. What are the future predictions for Fani Willis net worth?
Based on her current career trajectory and potential opportunities, experts predict that Fani Willis net worth could reach $18 million by 2029. This prediction takes into account her ongoing work as District Attorney, the possibility of book deals, media appearances, and a potential shift into private legal consulting or politics. Furthermore, if she makes strategic investments in areas like real estate or stocks, her wealth could grow even more substantially over the next five years.
7. Does Fani Willis have any political aspirations that could affect her net worth?
While Fani Willis has not made any formal announcements about running for political office, her public presence and success as District Attorney suggest that a career in politics could be a possibility. Should she decide to pursue a higher political office, such as Attorney General or Governor, it could open up significant financial opportunities. Political campaigns often attract donations and endorsements, and individuals in high political office frequently earn income through speaking engagements, books, and consulting after their political careers end.
8. Has Fani Willis invested in any businesses or real estate?
There is no publicly available information detailing Fani Willis specific business or real estate investments. However, like many professionals in high-profile positions, it is possible that she has or will make strategic investments in real estate or stocks to diversify her income streams. If she were to do so, these investments could contribute to the future growth of her net worth.
9. Could media opportunities contribute to Fani Willis net worth?
Yes, media opportunities could greatly contribute to Fani Willis net worth. As a public figure who is frequently involved in high-profile cases, she may receive offers to appear on television programs, participate in documentaries, or even secure a book deal. Legal experts like Willis often become media personalities, sharing their opinions on cases and legal matters for compensation. In the coming years, these kinds of opportunities could significantly enhance her income.
10. How does Fani Willis current salary impact her net worth?
Fani Willis earns a substantial salary as the District Attorney of Fulton County. Public officials in positions like hers typically earn a competitive annual salary, often in the six-figure range. While her salary forms a foundation for her net worth, it is her high-profile legal work and potential future opportunities that will drive the more substantial growth of her wealth.
11. Will Fani Willis write a book or go on speaking tours?
It is very possible that Fani Willis could write a book or go on speaking tours in the future. Many high-profile legal professionals and public officials capitalize on their experiences by publishing memoirs or non-fiction works about their careers and the cases they’ve handled. Additionally, as a legal expert involved in nationally significant cases, she could become a sought-after speaker at conferences, universities, and legal forums. These ventures would not only increase her public visibility but also significantly boost her net worth.
12. Could Fani Willis enter private practice, and how would it affect her net worth?
Yes, Fani Willis could potentially enter private legal practice after her tenure as District Attorney. If she decides to transition to private practice, her earning potential would increase dramatically. Attorneys with her level of experience and recognition often command premium fees for legal consultations, especially in corporate law, litigation, and high-stakes cases. Should she make this career shift, her net worth could see a substantial rise.
13. How does public perception affect Fani Willis net worth?
Public perception plays a significant role in determining Fani Willis net worth, as it can influence the kinds of opportunities she receives. Public figures with strong reputations often attract more lucrative offers, whether in politics, media, or legal consulting. Willis’s success in handling complex and nationally significant legal cases has strengthened her public image, increasing the likelihood of future financial opportunities. If her public image remains positive, she will likely continue to see her wealth grow.
14. What challenges could Fani Willis face in growing her net worth?
While Fani Willis is on a positive financial trajectory, there are always potential challenges that could impact the growth of her net worth. These could include political backlash, potential legal issues, or changes in public opinion. Additionally, the volatility of investments or the unpredictability of media opportunities could affect her financial situation. However, based on her current standing, these challenges seem manageable, and her career momentum suggests continued growth in her wealth.
15. How does Fani Willis legal experience contribute to her financial success?
Fani Willis extensive legal experience has been a key contributor to her financial success. With years of experience as a prosecutor and her current role as District Attorney, she has established herself as a skilled and competent lawyer, able to handle complex and high-profile cases. This expertise has not only provided her with a competitive salary but also opened the door for future opportunities that could further enhance her net worth, such as media appearances, book deals, and private legal practice.
Also Read
